Which type of degradation involves natural chemical reactions in the soil?

Chemical degradation refers to the process by which chemical reactions in the soil break down pesticide compounds into less toxic or inactive substances. This type of degradation is driven by natural chemical reactions that can occur due to factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of organic matter or other chemicals in the soil. It includes processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, which can significantly impact the persistence and efficacy of pesticides.

Microbial degradation, while also a form of breakdown, specifically involves microorganisms like bacteria and fungi that consume and metabolize pesticides. Photodegradation involves the breakdown of substances by sunlight, while volatilization refers to the process of a substance changing from a liquid to gas, often reducing its presence in the soil.

Understanding chemical degradation is crucial for managing pesticide applications, as it informs how long a pesticide may remain effective and how it can impact the surrounding environment.